An Investigation Of The Experiences And Meaning Of...

Buthelezi, M. (2009). An investigation of the experiences and meaning of xenophobia at the University of Johannesburg by international students. Unpublished masters thesis. Kwazulu Natal: University of Zululand. Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3:2, 77-101. Chinomona, E., Maziriri, E.T. (2015). Examining the Phenomenon of Xenophobia as Experienced by African Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Johannesburg, South African: Intensifying the Spirit of ‘Ubuntu’. International Journal of Research in Business Studies and Management, 2:6, 20-31. Creswell, J.W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. California: Sage Publications. Crush, J. (2001). â€Å"Immigration Xenophobia and Human Rights in South Africa†. SAMP Migration Policy Series no 22. Cape Town: Idasa. Crush, J., Pendleton, W. (2004). Regionalising Xenophobia? Citizen attitudes to immigration and refugee policy in Southern Africa. Canada: SAMP. Crush, J., Ramachandran, S., Pendleton, W., 2013, Soft targets: Xenophobia, public violence and changing attitudes to Migrants in South Africa after May 2008. Viewed 12 November 2015, Available from www.queensu.ca/samp/sampresources/samppublications/.../Acrobat64.pd Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (2008). Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials. 3rd edition. California: Sage Publications. Descombe, M. (2010). The good research guide. New York: Open University Press.Show MoreRelatedThemes Of Xenophobia In District 91333 Words   |  6 Pagesbegins as a documentary style investigation and then as the film continues it becomes more conventional and character driven following Wikus and his transformation into a Prawn. The film focuses on two very important themes, Xenophobia and Segregation. Xenophobia is characterized by a negative attitude towards foreigners, a dislike, a fear, or a hatred. Segregation as most people know is a separation of people or objects from others. To explore the theme of Xenophobia a little more in depth I willRead MoreXenophobia In District 9 Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesExploring Xenophobia in District 9 Thirty years ago, aliens arrive on Earth, not to conquer or give aid, but to find refuge from their dying planet. Separated from humans in a South African area called District 9, the aliens are managed by Multi-National United, which is not concerned with the aliens welfare but will do anything to master their advanced technology. When a company field agent Wikus contracts a mysterious virus that begins to alter his DNA, there is only one place he can hide: District

Essay on The Importance of Olivia in Twelfth Night

The Importance of Olivia in Twelfth Night nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Olivia, in Twelfth Night, is the character who unifies the play by her involvement in each of the three plots.nbsp; Olivia is loved by Orsino, but she loves Cesario.nbsp; Olivia plays a vital role in the plot to gull Malvolio, although she is unaware of it.nbsp; Olivia also has an active role in the plot to dupe Sir Andrew because he is jealous of her attention towards Cesario. In conlusion Olivia is the one who inifies the play the best. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Olivia is involved the the love plot more then any other plot in which she is involved in.nbsp; Olivia is loved by others, and she is also in†¦show more content†¦nbsp; Olivia also explains how she is in love with Cesario by telling him that she loves him in front of him in his face when he is over at Olivias house. nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; I love thee so that, maugre all thy pride nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; (Act 3, Scene 1, Line 149). nbsp; Cessario also knows that Olivias in love with him, because he realizes that after Malvolio had given the ring to Cessario apon returning from Olivias house.nbsp; This is prooven to us when Cessario is on the stage him self reading a soliloquy, which read: nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; She loves me sure; the sunning of her passion invites me in this churlish messenger nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; (Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 19-20). nbsp; The last person that Olivias in love with is Sebastian.nbsp; This is the person which Olivia is fooled by.nbsp;Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1130 Words   |  5 Pagesfascinating. Specifically, the love that is elucidated through the characters in Twelfth Night is passionate, but unfortunately it is not always accepted by the desired character. Viola relays Orsino’s love for Olivia with devotion and warmth but sadly, the love is still refused by Olivia (1.5.244-245). Shakespeare writes about love with such importance and ecstasy, loves presence in Shakespeare s works, highlighted in Twelfth Night is comparable to fertile tears, thunder and fire. Love is variable, it isRead MoreRole Of Female Characters In Twelfth Night1608 Words   |  7 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night, the female characters have a strong constitution specifically Olivia and Viola. The play begins with a shipwrecked Viola who decides to disguise herself and go under the assumed name of Cesario. Viola Cesario falls in love with Duke Orsino who is in love with Olivia. The Duke asks for Cesario to woo Olivia for him however Olivia begins to fall for Cesario. Later, Violas twin brother reappears, and Olivia mistakes him for Cesario proposes to him. In theRead MoreMisinterpretations Of Love In Twelfth Night By William Shakespeare1021 Words   |  5 Pages Twelfth Night Behind the Mask Love can not hide behind a mask forever in the end truth will prevail. In the play Twelfth Night written by William Shakespeare there are many circumstances where there are misinterpretations of love in various romantic relationships. There are many instances where characters where used disguises were used to create plot development. In Shakespeare play trickery was used to create plot development. Mistaken identity was used to create a complicated love triangle. ShakespeareRead MoreThemes Of Social Mobility Through Marriage1655 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper critically analyses the theme of social mobility through marriage in Shakespeare’s play ‘Twelfth Night’. In addition, the paper highlights how different characters in the play got into higher social classes or desired to be in higher social classes through marriage. This paper holds that in a highly stratified society such as that presented in the Shakespeare’s play; marriage plays a significant role in in social class mobility. As opposed to some traditional society where marriage wasRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Twelfth Night The use of genre in any literary work assist the responder in understanding the text, as prior knowledge and past experience are used by composers to construct certain expectations due to characteristics that are recognised. Shakespeare, in his play Twelfth Night uses the Romantic comedy genre and its conventions of strong themes of love and a series of obstacles and misunderstandings concluded with a harmonious union of the loversRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pagesplay Twelfth Night shows us the harmful effects of superficiality and self-love. Many of the characters in the play have these two bad qualities and suffer a great deal because of them. In this paper, I will be analyzing how the suffering in the play is caused by the characters’ superficiality and self-love. I will begin by examining the superficiality and self –love of the society in the play. Then I will look at how this superficiality is manifested through the characters of Orsino, Olivia, andRead MoreThe Twelfth Night, By Oscar Wilde1158 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediate needs for the family. However, William Shakespeare’s Olivia, in the Twelfth Night, and Oscar Wilde’s Gwendolen, in the comedy, The Importance of Being Earnest narrative seemingly contradict orthodox gender norms. Olivia and Gwendolen both live in a social constru ct based on male dominance. Yet both of them upends this norm and play dominant role in both of their relationships. In his play the Twelfth Night, Shakespeare uses Lady Olivia to illustrate the complexities of love and courtship byRead MoreThe Importance of Madness as a Theme in Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare629 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Madness as a Theme in Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare Madness is a very important theme that is present in the whole course of the play Twelfth Night. Firstly, we have Malvolio almost turning mad because of the cruel joke the other servants play on him. They make him think he is mad and they also make Olivia think he is mad because of the funny way in which he is acting. There is also the theme of mad love. Some examples of this are Orsino being madlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Words and Realities†¨ †¨ The Twelfth Night was a religious festival held during the Elizabethan Era. It also †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨celebrated the concept of the reversal of normal order, where the lower and upper class had the †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨chance to experience each other’s roles in society. It was a day of celebration in which enabled a †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨time of foolishness for each class. This religious festival seem to have influenced Shakespeare’s †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨play, Twelfth Night in relations to the concept of the foolishness celebration ofRead MoreThe Fool Or Jester, Hired By Olivia858 Words   |  4 PagesFeste is presented as the fool or jester, hired by Olivia to entertain as an allowed fool. Feste can speak however he likes to anyone and everyone, including a well respected person such as Olivia. It seems that he almost reverses the roles. He talks down to people that have higher â€Å"ranks† than he. At one point, Feste says to Olivia â€Å"Do you not hear fellows? Take away the lady,† making everyone else seem as they are the fool. Feste is actually quite clever and witty, though it may not seem

Comparing The Film Gattaca And The Novel Brave New World...

Both the film Gattaca (directed by Andrew Niccole) and the novel Brave New World (written by Aldous Huxley) are of the dystopian genre and explore the notions of mass control and freedom; or lack of freedom. Both societies are controlled by a totalitarian dictatorship that push their suppressive ideologies- genoism in Gattaca, and the complete eradication of viviparous births and the implementation of a caste system in Brave New World. Characters in both dystopian worlds challenge the rules and expectations of their societies. In Brave New World, Bernard Marx and John Savage rebel against the World State, albeit to different extents. In Gattaca, Vincent Freeman and Jerome ‘Eugene’ Morrow oppose their society ruled by genoism. Bernard Marx’s dislike for the oppressive World State is solely superficial. His outrage stems from his own personal sense of injustice- although he is an Alpha, he is an outsider. Emotionally, Bernard is an enigma to others. Physically, Bernard is thin and small; a complete juxtaposition to the other Alphas. These physical and emotional defects are the root of his feelings of separation to society, and his value of individualism and non-conformity. This point is exemplified on page 56, which explains ‘The mockery made him feel an outsider; and feeling an outsider he behaved like one, which increased the prejudice against him and intensified the contempt and hostility aroused by his physical defects. Which in turn increased his sense of being alien and

The War Of 1812 And The British War Essay - 1650 Words

Introduction War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States of America forces and the British Empire. Because the British feared that trade with the United States was harmful for the battle with France, they ended up restricting trade between them. Additionally, the British forces feared that the United States’ forces wanted to set up an Indian State in the West in order to maintain a strong influence in the region. This explains why more than 10,000 Native American engaged in fighting on the British side in the war. Additionally, since Canada, back then, was a colony of the British, Canadians were allies of the British army. The paper discusses the War of 1812, its causes, war breakouts, mixed results for American forces and the impacts of the war on human, economical and political environment. In the 1812 war, it is believed that the United States of America took on the Great Britain who were considered to as the world’s greatest power, in a form of conflict that would seriously harm the country’s future. The British attempts to restrict the US trade are one of the causes of the war. In this aspect, the United States encountered a lot of sufferings in hands of the British, the American troops and the Canadians. The United States capital, Washington D.C, was burnt and destroyed in the year 1814 . However, with an attempt to boost national confidence and foster patriotism, the American troops succeeded in repulsing the Invasion of the British in New York, New OrleansShow MoreRelatedThe War Of 1812, American, British, And Native American Essay985 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent perspectives to the War of 1812, American, Canadian, British, and Native American. These 4 perspectives need to be looked at in order to understand the full measure of the War of 1812. Ea ch side had their own reasons for fighting and their perceived outcome. From June 1812 – February 1815, the United States fought a war against Great Britain, Native Americans, and Canadians. Most Americans today have either forgotten or remember very little about this war. The reason for this is that thereRead MoreThe War of 1812: A Report702 Words   |  3 PagesThe War of 1812 The War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States, who had only achieved independence from their British oppressors less than 40 years before, and the British Empire, including Canada. The conflict between the United States and the British Empire lasted approximately two years and eight months. There are many factors that led to the United States declaring war on the British Empire including trade restrictions that were put in place because of the conflict between the BritishRead MoreThe Second War Of Independence907 Words   |  4 Pagesby fighting off the British in the Revolutionary War. With the British infringing on their unalienable rights, the American colonist knew they needed to take action to stop the overpowering British monarchy to preserve their freedom. The same situation arose in 1803 when the British started seizing American ships and stealing their goods. By 1812 the United States was fed up with Great Britain and their rebellious acts towards them. The Unit ed States declared war on June 18, 1812. Why is it that theRead MoreA Short Note On The War Of 18121368 Words   |  6 Pages18 April 2016 War of 1812 The War of 1812 was a battle fought between the United States and Great Britain, along with help from Canada and the Native Americans, from June 18, 1812 to February 18, 1815. The United States declared war against Great Britain due to multiple disputes that included trade restrictions against the United States, the capture of American sailors and the support of Native American tribes fighting against American settlers. These issues led to the War of 1812 which AmericansRead MoreCause And Effects Of The War Of 18121061 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Vasquez Mr. Gill AP USH 9 October 2017 War of 1812 The War of 1812 is one of many wars that the USA will go through. The war is the first war that the new America would take part of and will be the first time the USA will declare war. The war lasted from June of 1813 to February of 1815, this is a span of two years and eight months. The war was fought by the United State verses the British. The war took place in many locations around the world which include the United States, Canada, onRead MoreThe War of 18121132 Words   |  4 PagesWar of 1812 The War of 1812 was started by America due to British encroachment on three fronts, trade restrictions imposed by the British, the increasing alliances of the British with Indian tribes blocking American expansion West, and due to British interference with merchant class ships in the Atlantic. The war was fought in the Great Lakes region between America and Canada, near New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Atlantic trade routes, and around Washington DC. The British had alwaysRead MoreThe War Of 1812 By President James Madison812 Words   |  4 PagesThe War of 1812 On June 1. 1812, President James Madison submitted a war message to the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States. This message Madison submitted describes how the British have been violating the American flag. It also in tells how the British violated neutrality rights in United States. The Americans also complained of dealing with British ships in American waters. The Americans were angry of the seizure of the American sailors to join the Royal Navy. Madison believedRead MoreThe War of 1812 Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican-British War of 1812 which ended officially in 1814 with the peace Treaty of Ghent. None of the issues which instigated war were really resolved and it would seem that for the US, the War of 1812 was just a series of failures and few triumphs that, in the end, cost the Natives more than anyone else. The war began with fired-up Americans seeking resolution to their deep-seated resentments toward the British; hard feelings which only festered during the French Revolutionary Wars. Since theRead MoreWar of 18121643 Words   |  7 PagesThe War of 1812 was a war between Britain and the United States fought primarily in Upper Canada. It had many causes, few which involved British North America. The results of the war include the fact that there was no clear winner or loser among them. The only real losers in the situation were the Natives in the region. They were driven out of their lands and customs. None of the borders was changed by the war, though many attempts were made. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, did nothingRead MoreWhy we Fought in the War of 1812 Essay1102 Words   |  5 PagesWhy we Fought in the War of The war of 1812 is considered by some as the second war for independence.1 The United States had won its independence in 1783, but the British still treated the Americans as though they still had control of them. Americans resented the treatment they received from the British. They felt they were a free country and the British would not recognize them as so. This is believed by many to be the cause of the War of 1812, but no one act can be contributed as such. There

Patient And Tumor Characteristics Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(60) " scans were taken at the terminals of each of the processs\." Between January 2004 and June 2010, 160 patients underwent computing machine imaging guided transdermal cryoablation for lung tumours at our establishment. Of these patients, histologically proved phase I lung malignant neoplastic disease patients with more than one twelvemonth of followup, were retrospectively reviewed. All of these patients were considered to be medically inoperable with Charlson comorbidity index of 3 or greater. We will write a custom essay sample on Patient And Tumor Characteristics Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Follow-up was based chiefly on computed imaging. There were 22 patients with 34 tumours who underwent 25 Sessionss of cryoablation intervention. Complications were pneumothoraces in 7 interventions ( 28 % , chest tubing required in one intervention ) , and pleural gushs in 8 interventions ( 31 % ) . The observation period ranged from 12-68 months, mean 29 ±19 months, average 23 months. Local tumour patterned advance was observed in one tumour ( 3 % ) . Mean local tumour progression-free interval was 69 ±2 months. One patient died of lung malignant neoplastic disease patterned advance at 68 months. Two patients died of acute aggravations of idiopathic pneumonic fibrosis which were non considered to be straight associated with cryoablation, at 12 and 18 months, severally. The overall 2- and 3-year endurances were 88 % and 88 % , severally. Mean overall endurance was 62 ±4 months. Median overall endurance was 68 months. The disease-free 2- and 3-year endurances were 78 % and 67 % , severally. Average disease-free endurance was 46 ±6 months. Pneumonic map trials were done in 16 patients ( 18 interventions ) before and after cryoablation. Percentage of predicted critical capacity, and per centum of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 2nd, did non differ significantly before and after cryoablation ( 93 ±23 versus 90 ±21, and 70 ±11 versus 70 ±12, severally ) . Conclusions/Significance Although farther accretion of informations is necessary sing efficaciousness, cryoablation may be a executable option in medically inoperable phase I lung malignant neoplastic disease patients. Travel to: Introduction Surgical resection is presently the criterion intervention for phase I non-small cell lung malignant neoplastic disease ( NSCLC ) . However, in patients who are medically inoperable due to important comorbidities, other intervention modes need to be considered. The non-surgical direction of early phase lung malignant neoplastic disease is presently an spread outing field. These include stereotactic organic structure radiation therapy ( SBRT ) and thermic ablative processs such as radiofrequency extirpation ( RFA ) and micro-cook extirpation [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] . Transdermal cryoablation is besides presently germinating as a minimally invasive, and potentially effectual, local intervention for lung tumours [ 7 ] , [ 8 ] , [ 9 ] , [ 10 ] . This process, largely used when surgical resection is contraindicated, is presently under rating as a possible complementary therapy for patients with primary lung malignant neoplastic diseases every bit good as metastatic l ung tumours. We have, to day of the month, treated more than 300 lung tumours in more than 200 patients with acceptable feasibleness and efficaciousness. Of these patients, in the present survey, we retrospectively analyzed the midterm results of phase I NSCLC patients treated with cryoablation. Travel to: Materials and Methods Ethical motives This survey protocol was approved by Keio University institutional reappraisal board ( blessing ID: 14-23 ) . Written informed consent was obtained from each participant in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki. Choice of patients Between January 2004 and August 2010, 160 patients underwent cryoablation for lung tumours at our establishment. Of these patients, we retrospectively reviewed our experience with cryoablation for the primary intervention of phase I NSCLC in medically inoperable patients, with more than one twelvemonth of followup. The tumours which presented as multiple tumours in one patient, were clinically considered as synchronal or metachronous primary lung malignant neoplastic diseases to be eligible for this survey. Some of these patients have been reported antecedently [ 7 ] , [ 9 ] . Prior to sing cryoablation, patients with histologically diagnosed NSCLC were routinely staged with chest-to-pelvis computed imaging ( CT ) , encephalon magnetic resonance imagination ( MRI ) or CT, and most of the patients besides underwent a antielectron emanation tomographic ( PET ) scan. Bone scintigraphy was done if PET scan was non performed. Patients with hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes greater than 1 centimeter in the shortest axis, a positive PET scan consequence, or both, underwent endobronchial echography guided needle biopsy, or mediastinoscopy. The inclusion standard for this survey were patients who were considered medically inoperable because of hazards such as impaired cardiac map, hapless pneumonic map, and/or other comorbidities, i.e. , Charlson comorbidity index ( CCI ) [ 11 ] A ; gt ; = 3. The patients ‘ desires to avoid surgery in association with their medical comorbidities were besides accounted for. The exclusion standards were as follows: ( 1 ) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ( ECOG ) mark of 2 or more. ( 2 ) Platelet count of less than 50,000/ µL. ( 3 ) Prothrombin clip international normalized ratio of more than 1.5. ( 4 ) No suited manner for the interpolation of investigations due to interference by major vasculatures, air passages or mediastinal constructions. ( 5 ) Incapable of cooperation during the cryoablation process. All patients were evaluated by representatives from pulmonologists, interventional radiotherapists, and pectoral sawboness to find inoperability and suitableness for cryoablat ion. Cryoablation process The process of transdermal cryoablation was performed under local anaesthesia as antecedently described [ 7 ] . Under a multidetector-row CT scanner with multi-slice CT fluoroscopy maps ( Aquilion 64 ; Toshiba Med. Co. Ltd. , Tokyo, Japan ) , utilizing an outer interpolation sheath, a 1.7-mm-diameter cryoprobe ( CRYOcare Cryosurgical Unit ; Endocare, Irvine, CA ) was inserted into the targeted nodule under fluoroscopic CT counsel. Multiple investigations were at the same time inserted if the extirpation border was considered to be deficient with merely one investigation. The cryoprobe uses high-pressure Ar and He gases for stop deading and dissolving, severally, based on the Joule-Thompson rule. Cryoablation consisted of three rhythms of freeze, 5, 10, and 10 proceedingss each. The tip of the cryoprobe reaches about ?130 A ; deg ; C during stop deading. This was followed by dissolving until the temperature of the cryoprobe reached 20 A ; deg ; C, and so a 3rd rhythm of freeze ( 10 proceedingss ) followed by dissolving. Fibrin gum was infused into the outer sheath at the clip of cryoprobe remotion to cut down the hazards of hemothoraces and pneumothoraces. Whole lung CT scans were taken at the terminals of each of the processs. You read "Patient And Tumor Characteristics Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Chest radiogram were besides taken two hours after, the following twenty-four hours, and the twenty-four hours after each of the processs to look into for complications such as hemothoraces or pneumothoraces. The patients were discharged on the 2nd postoperative twenty-four hours if there were no complications. Follow-up after cryoablation Follow-up chest-to-pelvis CT scans with contrast sweetening were carried out at 1-month and so at 3 to 6 months intervals after cryoablation. We confirmed local patterned advance when there was a uninterrupted focal or diffuse expansion of the ablated lesion on CT. Furthermore, even when no expansion was seen, we regarded it as local patterned advance if the size of partial sweetening in the tumour continuously increased. As for the sensing of distant metastases, encephalon MRI or CT was done every 3 to 6 months. Favored scan or bone scintigraphy was done if considered to be necessary. Pneumonic map trial Pneumonic map trial was done in patients who could adequately execute the trial, before, and 3 to 6 months after cryoablation. Statistical methods Local tumour progression-free intervals, and overall and disease-free endurances, were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Pneumonic map trials were compared with the mated t trial. The statistical package bundle SPSS 17.0 ( SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill ) was used for all analyses. P values smaller than 0.05 was considered to be statistically important. Travel to: Consequences During the survey period, 22 patients with 34 tumours underwent 25 Sessionss of lung cryoablation interventions for clinical phase I NSCLC. These patients were retrospectively reviewed. None of the patients had mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes greater than 1 centimeter in the shortest axis, or a positive PET scan consequence of the mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes. Fifteen patients had individual tumours, which were all treated in one session. Three patients had 2 tumours. The 2 tumours were found synchronously in all 3 patients, and were treated as one session per patient. Four patients had 3 tumours. In 2 of these patients, the 3 tumours were found synchronously, and were treated as one session per patient. In both of the staying 2 patients, 2 tumours were synchronal and one was metachronous. The 2 synchronal tumours were treated in one session in each of the patients. The metachronous tumours were treated as another session in both patients. One patient had 4 tumours. Two of these tumours were found synchronously and were treated in one session. Other 2 metachronous tumours were found at the same clip, and were treated in one session. The patient and tumour features are described in Table 1. The average maximum tumour diameter was 1.4 ±0.6 centimeter ( range 0.5-3.0 centimeter ) . More than half of the patients had a past history of resection for another lung malignant neoplastic disease. Majority of tumours were adenocarcinomas. Nine patients had more than one tumour, which were considered to be synchronal, or metachronous primary lung malignant neoplastic diseases. The figure of investigations used was 1 in 20 tumours, 2 in 13 tumours, and 3 in 1 tumour. Eight patients ( 36 % ) had important cardiac or vascular disease that put them at high hazard for surgical resection. Limited pneumonic map was the prevailing determiner of medical inoperability in 6 patients ( 27 % ) . Four of these patients were on O therapy. Other comorbidities included nephritic dis function, liver disfunction, and attendant malignances. Average CCI was 5 ±3, scope 3 to 15. Table 1 Table 1 Patient and tumour features. The most common complications of cryoablation were pneumothoraces, minor haemoptysiss, and pleural gushs. Pneumothoraces were seen in 7 interventions ( 28 % ) . Pleural gushs were seen in 8 interventions ( 31 % ) . Minor haemoptysiss were seen in 6 patients ( 24 % ) . Chest tubing interpolation was required in one patient with pneumothorax. All other complications resolved with observation merely. The observation period ranged from 12-68 months, mean 29 ±19 months, average 23 months. Local tumour patterned advance after cryoablation was observed in one tumour ( 3 % ) which was a squamous cell carcinoma 1.6 centimeter in size. Local failure was recognized as progressive expansion of the ablated part at 8 months after cryoablation. At this clip, no other metastases were observed. The local recurrent tumour was re-cryoablated. Four months after re-cryoablation, the patient developed an upper respiratory infection, which lead to an acute aggravation of the implicit in idiopathic pneumonic fibrosis ( IPF ) . The patient later died of the acute aggravation. At this point, local control was maintained. Overall, the average local tumour progression-free interval was 69 ±2 months. Median local tumour progression-free interval was non reached ( Figure 1A ) . Figure 1 Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier estimation curves of ( A ) local progression-free interval after cryoablation, ( B ) overall endurance after cryoablation, and ( C ) disease-free endurance after cryoablation. So far 3 patients ( 14 % ) have died. One patient was the patient described above. Another patient died of lung malignant neoplastic disease 68 months after cryoablation. This patient developed multiple systemic metastases whereas local control was maintained. This patient received chemotherapy one twelvemonth after cryoablation because distant metastases were detected. The staying one patient died of acute aggravation of IPF 18 months after cryoablation. In this instance, the acute aggravation of IPF occurred instantly after chemotherapy for attendant liver malignant neoplastic disease, and was non considered to be straight associated with lung cryoablation. There are 2 patients who have received chemotherapy and are alive. One patient developed multiple lung metastasis 48 months after cryoablation and have received systemic therapy with gefitinib. Local control was maintained in this patient. The other patient developed multiple systemic metastases 4 months after cryoablation. Loca l control was maintained. This patient received systemic chemotherapy after sensing of distant metastases. The overall 2- and 3-year endurances were 88 % and 88 % , severally. Mean overall endurance was 62 ±4 months. Median overall endurance was 68 months ( Figure 1B ) . Five patients are alive with lung malignant neoplastic disease. The disease-free 2- and 3-year endurances were 78 % and 67 % , severally. Average disease-free endurance was 46 ±6 months. Median disease-free endurance was non reached ( Figure 1C ) . The forms of returns other than local return were as follows: Recurrence merely in the ipsilateral thorax was seen in 1 patient, which was lung metastases. Needle-tract airings or pleural returns have non been detected so far in any of the patients. Distant metastases were seen in 5 patients. These included metastases to contralateral thoraces, lumbar vertebra, ribs, and encephalon. Treatments for these patients included chemotherapy, radiation, and gamma-knife. Pneumonic map was evaluated in 16 patients ( 18 interventions ) before and 3 to 6 months after cryoablation. There were no important differences before and after cryoablation in critical capacity ( 2.72 ±0.82 L versus 2.64 ±0.74 L, P = 0.19 ) , per centum of predicted critical capacity ( 93 ±23 % versus 90 ±21, P = 0.11 ) , forced expiratory volume in 1 2nd ( 1.81 ±0.53 L versus 1.77 ±0.50 L, P = 0.14 ) ( Figure 2 ) , and per centum of forced expiratory volume in 1 2nd ( 70 ±11 % versus 70 ±12 % , P = 0.95 ) . Figure 2 Figure 2 Individual alterations in forced expiratory volume in 1 2nd, and the mean  ± standard divergences before and after cryoablation. Travel to: Discussion There is roll uping grounds that RFA is a safe and executable intervention option for the intervention of inoperable phase I NSCLC. There is one study in which the consequences of cryoablation for phase I lung malignant neoplastic disease is included among the consequences of RFA and sublobar resections [ 10 ] . But to our cognition, this is the first study which specifically focuses on cryoablation in patients with medically inoperable phase I NSCLC. In the present survey, cryoablation was done safely in all patients. Reduction in pneumonic map after cryoablation was besides minimum in this survey, although the pneumonic map trial was done largely in patients with comparatively good pneumonic maps who could adequately execute the trial. The incidences of the most common complications, which were pneumothoraces, and pleural gushs, were comparable to those antecedently reported for RFA [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] , [ 12 ] , [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] . The reported local control rates for RFA intervention of inoperable phase I NSCLC ranged from 58 to 69 % [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] , [ 12 ] , [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] . The local control rate was somewhat higher in the present survey ( 97 % ) , presumptively because in our survey the tumours were 3 centimeter or less, really largely 2 centimeter or less, whereas old RFA surveies included tumours which were 4 centimeter or less. As for the one patient with local return, we speculate that the primary cause of local patterned advance was deficient border of extirpation. Although 2 investigations were used in this instance, it was hard to define the relationship between the border of extirpation and the border of the tumour on CT because of the implicit in IPF. We consider that farther accretion of experience is necessary to better intervention outcomes in such instances. The overall and disease-free endurance at 3 old ages were better than that antecedently reported for RFA [ 5 ] , 88 % and 67 % versus 47 % and 39 % , severally. This was besides presumptively because in our survey the tumours were 3 centimeter or less, whereas the old RFA survey included tumours which were 3-4 centimeter. In our survey, there were 6 patients with disease patterned advance other than local return, but the figure of patients was excessively little to measure if there is any characteristic form of disease patterned advance after lung malignant neoplastic disease cryoablation. Determination of medical inoperability is critically of import and should be assessed by an interdisciplinary squad. A patient should non be judged as inoperable by one factor entirely, such as hapless pneumonic map. Therefore the appraisal of medical operability requires a comprehensive rating of multiple factors in the patient. To this terminal, the group of patients in the present survey all had important associated comorbidities, with CCIs of A ; gt ; = 3. This mark has been validated in surgically resected patients with lung malignant neoplastic disease [ 15 ] , [ 16 ] . In these studies, multivariate analysis showed that a CCI A ; gt ; = 3 was a important prognostic factor of increased hazard of major complications. In the current survey, the patients who underwent cryoablation were aged ( average age, 72 old ages ) , had important comorbidities ( average CCI, 5 ) , and hence, were considered to stand for a bad population for surgery. Although farther followup is needed, so f ar merely one patient in this survey has died of lung malignant neoplastic disease, and other 2 patients have died of their comorbidities. This consequence suggests that minimally invasive intervention options such as cryoablation may really be appropriate for patients with significant comorbidities. In footings of efficaciousness, there is grounds to propose that cryoablation may ensue in improved local control in comparing to RFA in nephritic tumours [ 17 ] , but to our cognition there are no surveies comparing the two modes in lung tumours. Since this is a retrospective, experimental survey with a comparatively short followup in a limited figure of extremely selected patients subjected to multiple prejudices, farther surveies are necessary to more suitably address the results of cryoablation in comparing to RFA for early phase lung malignant neoplastic disease. SBRT is besides germinating to be a promising intervention option for early phase lung malignant neoplastic disease, with singular betterments in efficaciousness and safety. The indicants for SBRT and ablative processs are expected to be really similar, and farther surveies are necessary to define the strengths and failings of each of these modes, which may be complementary instead than reciprocally sole. Travel to: Footnotes Competing Interests: The writers have declared that no viing involvements exist. Support: No external support was received for this survey. Travel to: How to cite Patient And Tumor Characteristics Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Indian Textile Industry free essay sample

Textile IndustryStructure, Problems and Solutions Subject: Term Paper of Organization Management Under Guidance of Dr. Vinayshil Gautam Written By Jaimeen Rana Entry# 2012SMF6890 1 INDEX a) Introduction 3 b) History 3 c) Structure of Indian Textile Industry 3 d) Communication and Effectiveness 4 e) Problems faced by Textile Industry in India 5 f) Steps taken by government till now 7 g) Strategies for growth 8 h) Conclusion 9 i) References 10 2 a) Introduction Indian Textile and Apparel Industry is second largest manufacturer in the world with an estimated export value of US$ 34 billion and domestic consumption of US$ 57 billion. It stands at number two position in generating huge employment for both educated and uneducated labor in India. Over 350 lakh people are employed in this industry in India. 14% of total industrial production is done by this sector. 4% of India’s GDP is obtained by this sector. It contributes 17% to the India’s total export earnings. Top companies in Textile industry in India: Bombay Dyeing Fabindia JCT Limited Welspun India ltd Lakshmi Mills Mysore Silk Factory Arvind Mills Raymonds Reliance Textiles Grasim Industries ) History India’s textile industry evolved and developed at a very early stage and its manufacturing technology was one of the best ones. The government of India has also agreed to the proposals to support the textile industry by approving hundred percent Foreign Direct Investment in the market.Owing to the uprights and instantly incorporated textiles cost sequence (price chain), the Indian textile industry signifies a tough subsistence in the total value chain from raw products to finished products. The Synthetic and Rayon Textile Export Promotion Council (SRTEPC) has taken every required steps to meet the target of doubling the synthetic textile export in India to US $6. 2 billion by grabbing four percent of market share by fiscal year 2011- 2012. Taking into consideration the persistent funds in the textile industry, the Govt. of India may possibly widen the Technology Up gradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) by the end of the 11th Five Year Plan- in the financial year of 2011- 2012 in order to protract the industry. Indian textile industry is extraordinarily providing to meet the targeted production of $ 85 billion in the year of 2011, intending exports of more than $ 50 billion which was in year 2010.There is massive progress foreseen in Indian textile exports from the $ 17 billion accomplished in the year of 2005 -2006 to $ 50 billion by the year of 2009-2010. The assessment for the exports in the current fiscal year is about $ 19billion. There is significant potential in Indias exports of technical textiles and home textiles, as most European businesses desire to set up facilities near- by the emerging markets, such as China and India. So, the future of Indian textile industry is very bright, as it has open up the market for inter national business people.

Eco-Tourism Trends Singapore Alive Pte Ltd

Question: Discuss about theEco-Tourism Trends for Singapore Alive Pte Ltd. Answer: Introduction In this assignment 2A, emerging trends of Eco-tourism in the travel and tourism industry have been analyzed. In order to this assignment, Singapore Alive Pte Ltd (Travel Leisure Company)has been selected. Company profile has been provided along with its mission and vision. An overview of the travel and tourism industry has been provided with the help of PESTLE analysis. Depending on this overview, the current trends related with eco-tourism have synthesized and represented to the manager of the organization. Company Profile The Travel and Leisure company named Singapore Alive Pte Ltd founded in the year of 2003 (Singaporealive, 2016). The company represents a new category of travel operators in the country of Singapore. The company delivers superior travels products to all the visitors all over the world (Singaporealive, 2016). The strength of the company lies in the companys innovative product team that develops exciting tour packages. It has been found that the enthusiastic guides of the company are highly passionate about sharing their best experience of Singapore with the travellers. They also try to develop strong relationship with like-minded suppliers (Singaporealive, 2016). Services There are various types of services are provided by the company. They are such as: Cultural exchange program Experimental day trips Professional guides Hotel accommodation Transportation Convention event Destination planning Cruise packages Partnership With the help of extensive network, the operators, travel wholesalers, agents and operators can receive the best of thought products combined with best category of services form like-minded suppliers. It put visitors in touch with the fascinating culture of Asia Mission and Vision It is the mission of the travel agency to become truly the representative of Singapore in front of visitors. The company always tries to uphold the interests of the community members and always try to increase professionalism and portability of the members. The vision of the company is to promote the importance of travel agent among the community of Singapore and to create tremendous growth in the travel and tourism industry (Singaporealive, 2016). Industry Overview Political Factors The Singapore government has developed various strict rules and regulations in order to maintain peace among tourists and prevent terrorism (Fritsch Johannsen, 2015). The government has a squad named as Public Transport Security command. They ensure security of visitors in Singapore (Hultman et al., 2015). Singapore government promotes anti-discrimination with the help of various laws and regulations. Even in the cabin of the Singapore government, multi-racial politicians work together (Hultman et al., 2015). Economy Factors Strong economy of the country has positive impact on the travel and tourism industry of Singapore. On the other hand, tax revenue given by the tourists have 3% contribution in the overall economy of the country (Hunt et al., 2015). Investors in the tourism industry are interested to develop eco-tourism. They are interested to invest in various theme parks in order to attract more tourists (Fritsch Johannsen, 2015). However, inflation has negative impact on the price of foods and transportations of the country (negative impact). Social Factors The culture of the local people is always one of the major points of attraction for tourists in Singapore (Fritsch Johannsen, 2015). It has been found that the relationship between the local community of Singapore and the tourists is getting stronger every day. It has been analyzed that 58% of the tourists hotel choice in influenced by the support that the hotel provides to the local community of Singapore (Fritsch Johannsen, 2015). Technological Factors It has been found that visitors like to think technology as a part of their tourism experience (Hultman et al., 2015). Technological improvements such as internet booking system have enhanced the attraction of tourism in front of visitors (Hunt et al., 2015). In addition, the comfort of buses, airlines and boats in Singapore have been improved. In case if buses facilities such as KTV rooms and message seats have been provided in order to attract more customers. However, the government needs to invest more to improve roads, hotels and to promote eco-tourism in the country. Environmental Factors Hunt et al. (2015) stated that, in previous years it had been found that the impact of tourism is always negative on environment. However, this trend is changing in recent years. Government of Singapore is talking various policies to influence visitors to protect environment like wildlife and landscape. They are also trying to promote eco-tourism by developing World Wildlife Fund (WWF), wildlife reserves and National Park. It has been found that 93% of the international travelers like to select those travel agencies that are responsible for protecting the environment (Das Chatterjee, 2015). Psychological Factors It has been found that 66% of the visitors of Singapore prefer to buy their tourism packages from those companies that have programmed to give something back to the society (Fritsch Johannsen, 2015). 71% of the customers will like to take eco-friendly options if available (Das Chatterjee, 2015). 46% of the visitors are even willing to pay extra for CSRs. Two Trends Related with Eco-Tourism Increasing Attraction Towards Caves and Wildlife It has been found highest amount of peoples (24%) are interested towards eco-tourism in comparison with others (Fritsch Johannsen, 2015). Among these travellers 35% are interested in caves, 22% in birds and wildlife, 18% in national parks and 15% in communities and cultures (Das Chatterjee, 2015). It has been analyzed that eco-conscious tourists travel more frequently than general tourists. It has been found that eco-conscious tourists (22% of the total tourists) make 8 trips per year compare to general tourists (78% of the total tourists) make 2 trips per year (Hultman et al., 2015). Environmental Friendly Choices According to a survey analysis, it has been found that according to 93% of the travelers, travel agencies should be responsible for environment protection (Mowforth Munt, 2015). 71% of the customers will like to take eco-friendly choices if available (Hunt et al., 2015). It has been found that more than 65% of the consumers like use services and travel packages from those organizations who have implemented program to return something back to the community (Fennell, 2015). Conclusion From the analysis trends related with eco-tourism has been analyzed. The manager of Singapore Alive Pte Ltd needs to focus on developing eco-tourism related packages as the eco-conscious tourists make more frequent trips than general tourists do. Hence, it will be more profitable for them. In addition, the company needs to promote protect the environment and well-fare of the community as most of the customers like those travel agencies which are more responsible towards the environment. Reference List Das, M., Chatterjee, B. (2015). Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament?.Tourism Management Perspectives,14, 3-16. Fennell, D. A. (2015). Ethics in Tourism. InEducation for Sustainability in Tourism(pp. 45-57). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Fritsch, A., Johannsen, K. (2015).Ecotourism in Appalachia: Marketing the mountains. University Press of Kentucky. Hultman, M., Kazeminia, A., Ghasemi, V. (2015). Intention to visit and willingness to pay premium for ecotourism: The impact of attitude, materialism, and motivation.Journal of Business Research,68(9), 1854-1861. Hunt, C. A., Durham, W. H., Driscoll, L., Honey, M. (2015). Can ecotourism deliver real economic, social, and environmental benefits? A study of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(3), 339-357. Mowforth, M., Munt, I. (2015).Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Singaporealive,. (2016).Singapore Alive - Tour Packages, Hotel, Transfer..Singaporealive.com. Retrieved 18 September 2016, from https://www.singaporealive.com/about.asp